Dual-Function Rice Gene Boosts Drought Tolerance and Grain Yield

Researchers at Chonnam National University have discovered a dual-function rice gene that boosts drought tolerance and crop productivity, offering a promising breakthrough for global food security. A team led by Professor Geupil Jang identified the gene, OsFeSOD3, which protects rice plants from environmental stress while actively supporting chloroplast development and photosynthesis. The findings were published in the Plant Biotechnology Journal.

The gene encodes a specific enzyme in chloroplasts that detoxifies reactive oxygen species (ROS), harmful molecules that accumulate during droughts and cause cellular damage. Interestingly, the researchers found that drought damage actually originates in the chloroplasts before spreading to the rest of the cell. By ramping up the expression of OsFeSOD3, the team successfully minimized this localized stress and uncovered a secondary, unexpected benefit: the gene directly aids in chloroplast gene expression, ensuring the plant continues to photosynthesize and grow even under harsh conditions.

To test the real-world viability of the discovery, the university team conducted field trials over two consecutive growing seasons. The genetically engineered rice plants produced grain yields 33% to 42% higher under drought conditions than standard wild rice, largely due to a higher number of fully formed grains. Conversely, plants stripped of the gene via CRISPR-Cas9 technology suffered severe developmental defects and growth arrest, underscoring the gene's critical role in climate-resilient crop engineering.

For more details, read the news article from Chonnam National University.