Global Research Team Unlocks Complete Rose Pangenome

An international consortium led by INRAE, together with the ENS de Lyon, Huazhong University, and the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has successfully sequenced the first rose pangenome, mapping the complete genetic diversity of the Rosa subgenus. By decoding over 55,000 genes, researchers have finally overcome historical technological barriers that previously limited genetic studies to less than 10% of rose species. This massive dataset identifies 16,844 core genes shared by all roses, alongside 4,000 accessory genes that define specific varieties, providing an unprecedented blueprint of one of the world's most economically vital ornamental plants.

The study reveals a complex evolutionary narrative marked by over 2 million structural variations, including gene transfers and adaptations to distinct environments. By pinpointing specific non-coding sequences, the team has identified the genetic regulators responsible for highly sought-after traits such as continuous flowering and petal discoloration. These structural variations—ranging from DNA insertions to translocations—offer a detailed map of how different rose groups evolved their unique physical characteristics over millions of years.

These findings are set to revolutionize breeding programs by accelerating the development of roses with enhanced fragrance, vibrant colors, and better pollinator attraction. Beyond aesthetics, the research provides a toolkit for strengthening rose resistance to biotic stresses like pests and abiotic stresses such as extreme heat. Furthermore, the molecular insights gained from this pangenome are expected to benefit the broader Rosaceae family, potentially leading to hardier and more productive fruit trees and other ornamental species in the face of a changing global climate.

For more details, read the news article on the INRAE website.